Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Piperazine

1. Identification

Product Name: Piperazine
Chemical Formula: C4H10N2
Synonyms: Hexahydropyrazine, 1,4-Diazacyclohexane
CAS Number: 110-85-0
Recommended Use: Chemical intermediate, Pharmaceutical raw material, Anthelmintic agent
Supplier Details: Manufacturer or supplier name, address, contact phone number, emergency phone number

2. Hazard Identification

GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral and dermal), Serious eye damage, Skin irritation
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation.
Pictograms: Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves, eye protection, and face protection. Avoid breathing dust or vapors. If in eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, Skin and eye contact, Ingestion

3. Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: Piperazine
Concentration: 100% (Pure substance)
Other Components: None
Impurities and Stabilizing Additives: Not applicable

4. First Aid Measures

Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Skin Contact: Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms appear.
Inhalation: Move individual to fresh air. Ensure clear airway and provide artificial respiration if needed. Seek medical assistance.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly. Give small amount of water to drink. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel. Get medical help.
Most Important Symptoms: Redness, irritation, coughing, nausea

5. Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, alcohol-resistant foam
Specific Hazards: Vapors may be irritating. May release toxic fumes, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective suit, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
Special Procedures: Cool containers with water spray to prevent overheating. Evacuate area if necessary.

6. Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wear suitable protective equipment including gloves, goggles, and lab coat.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains or natural waterways.
Methods for Containment and Cleanup: Absorb spill with inert material (sand, earth). Place in chemical waste container for disposal. Ventilate area. Wash affected surfaces thoroughly.

7. Handling and Storage

Handling: Avoid inhaling dust, vapor, or mist. Prevent contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Practice good industrial hygiene and safety.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep container tightly closed. Store away from oxidizers, acids, and moisture.
Safe Packaging Materials: Keep in original containers. Use corrosion-resistant materials if transfer is required.

8. Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Permissible Exposure Limits: OSHA and ACGIH recommend limits for airborne concentrations; check current guidelines
Engineering Controls: Provide local exhaust ventilation. Use mechanical ventilation systems in confined spaces.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing, and respiratory protection for high concentrations
Hygienic Practices: Wash hands and exposed skin after handling; remove contaminated clothing.

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: White crystalline solid
Odor: Ammonia-like
pH: Alkaline in water
Melting Point: 106 °C
Boiling Point: 146 °C
Flash Point: 85 °C (closed cup)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Density: 1.2 g/cm³
Viscosity: Not applicable
Auto-ignition Temperature: About 310 °C

10. Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Reactivity: Not reactive under normal conditions
Hazardous Reactions: Contact with strong oxidizers, acids causes hazardous decomposition
Conditions to Avoid: High heat, moisture, open flames, spark sources
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, oxidizers, strong halogenating agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia

11. Toxicological Information

Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): approximately 2,850 mg/kg
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin/eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory tract; nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may cause dermatitis, respiratory sensitization
Carcinogenicity: No component listed as carcinogen by NTP, IARC, OSHA
Mutagenicity: Data insufficient; no known mutagenic effects in standard tests
Reproductive Toxicity: No definitive adverse effects known

12. Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low, unlikely to accumulate in organisms
Mobility in Soil: Expected to be mobile based on water solubility
Other Adverse Effects: May alter pH of water if released in large quantities, affecting aquatic life

13. Disposal Considerations

Disposal Methods: Dispose in accordance with local, regional, national, and international regulations. Do not release into environment.
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers should be rinsed and disposed of as hazardous waste. Do not reuse packaging.
Waste Codes: Check local requirements and designate as hazardous waste if applicable.
Recommended Disposal: Incineration or chemical treatment under controlled conditions with proper emission controls

14. Transport Information

UN Number: UN2579
Proper Shipping Name: Piperazine
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive substance)
Packing Group: III
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Protect from moisture and physical damage. Ensure containers are upright and secure.
Labeling Requirements: Corrosive label and appropriate panel markings

15. Regulatory Information

Inventory Status: Listed in TSCA (US), EINECS/ELINCS (EU), DSL (Canada), and other relevant inventories
Workplace Regulations: OSHA, ACGIH, EU worker protection regulations set exposure standards
Labeling Requirements: Comply with GHS, OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, CLP regulation in Europe
Other Regulations: SARA Title III, CERCLA, REACH registration and reporting as required
Restrictions: Not regulated as a controlled drug substance; use restricted to industrial and research applications